Aim: Digitization is a way to better organize and present information that will make it easier for the general public to access it. Nevertheless, intellectual property rights based on author-centered perspectives pose challenges for libraries,To the extent that today it is a necessity to say that these rights need an intellectual revolution to always ensure a balance between the rights of the owners of works and society. Traditionally, when a library buys a book from a publisher, according to the "first sale or exhaustion" theory, the purchased copy is no longer subject to copyright control rules. Lending books in libraries is based on exactly the same legal basis. But this basis is not very effective in lending books to e-libraries. So from the point of view of some, At present, copyright law presupposes the or exhaustion of rights only to tangible objects, such as printed books, and vice versa,The status of digital works is ambiguous. The main goal of the present research is to resolve these ambiguities as much as possible by categorizing the sources. Methodoligy: This research is practical in terms of purpose and qualitative-descriptive in terms of the method of data collection and analysis. Findings: Books and digital works Digital libraries are divided into three categories in terms of the status of publishing rights and especially the legal status of access to them,First, copyrighted works (sponsored),Second, Orphan Works And finally, Out-Of-Print Works. The solution that strengthens digital libraries is to assign Orphan and Out-Of-Print Works to the public domain. The transformation of these works as part of public ownership does not sever the connection of the work with its creator, and in fact, these works generally have a family and this family (society) will enjoy it and benefit from its benefits. Conclusion: The existence of a comprehensive regulatory framework supporting online digital libraries and protecting and expanding public knowledge and awareness is a fundamental need and necessity. Today, digital libraries are considered the main means of access to knowledge and awareness, and removing monopolies and enriching digital libraries is very decisive in this field. It is necessary to review the strict laws of authors' rights in favor of the production of knowledge and information and public culture, as well as the expansion of copyright laws in order to help the production of knowledge, information and culture. Many legal proposals have been submitted to resolve the issue of copyrighted works. These proposals include, Legislative amendment of copyright law, special library exemption and Courts’,intervention to uphold digital exhaustion.

While, there have been many efforts in research & practice about digital libraries, library managers encounter whit new challenges for developing digital libraries. These challenges include "domain attitude", "building digital collection", "staff" & "preservation". This paper discusses the issues & challenges of digital libraries from the viewpoint of management using other libraries' experiences and research results and give solutions to these challenges. The challenges may be grouped under the following five broad categories: attitude, staff, building digital collection, digitizing tools and preservation.

One of the most important issues for libraries in the age of digital transformation is digital content management from the perspective of resource digitization. The purpose of this article is to examine the challenges of implementing and implementing digital libraries in Iran and to provide solutions to solve it. In this study, using a review of the literature research, the challenges of building and launching digital libraries in Iran were investigated. Then, with using likert scale, the challenge ranked by experts in the field of digital library construction in Iran. These challenges were weighted using the AHP Analytic Hierarchy method. Finally, a framework was devised to solve them. Based on findings there are issues and challenges in the field of human force, copyright and legal issues, information security and protection, confusion in the organization of digital resources, lack of budget, difficulty in accessing digital library software, and its distance from global standards. To solve the challenges of building a digital library, it is necessary to pay attention to the following solutions: Holding training courses to get acquainted with the operation of digital devices, Fair or free use of works, Use of global data identification system, Set an adequate budget for digitizing resources, Creating constructive interactions between experts in the field of digital libraries inside and outside countries to transfer lessons learned globally.

Now Persian digital resources allocate very little volume in digital libraries. This shows some problems. Therefore, the main objective of this study is to identify e-lending issues in digital libraries from the viewpoints of Iranian electronic publishers. Quantitative approach with analytical survey method was used in this study. 21 electronic publishers were studied by researcher-made questionnaire. In order to analyze data, needed formulas were used for account percentage, median and so on. Microsoft excel spreadsheet application was used to analyze data. Findings showed that e-lending needs different tools, methods and business models. Electronic publishers are young in producing electronic content. Moreover publishers publish most of their resources on CDs and PDF format. But they agree (with about 90 percent) with e-lending by digital libraries if they care copyright. In this way, they need dealers to manage e-lending process and warranty their benefits because of their financial limitations and weakness in applying ICT.

Purpose: Seeks to identify information interoperability protocols in 36 leading digital libraries to identify appropriate indicators. Methodology: Data gathering tool was a researcher-made questionnaire. Descriptive and inferential frequency, percentage, Lambda and Fisher's test were employed for analysis of data. Findings: 29 (80%) libraries used OAI-ORE protocol, 6 (16%) university, school and special libraries used OAI-PMH protocol. Z39. 50 more often used by national libraries. Public libraries used Z39. 50 and SRU/W for better interoperability. Special libraries used protocols most and were more successful in Interoperability. School libraries rarely used any protocol. Conclusion: The use of Z39. 50 was influenced by the scope of library’ s activity. Availability of archival resources and cultural objects (for example, museum objects) has led the libraries to use OAI-PMH for better interoperability. The use of Z39. 50 and SRU/W was influenced by use of federated model in digital libraries. The use of OAI-PMH was influenced by the use of harvested model in digital libraries.

Purpose: To identify and rank supply chain risks in digital libraries Methodology: This survey was carried out using Shannon Entropy and Fuzzy Topsis techniques. Two questionnaires were designed for data collection. Fifteen LIS academics and managers of digital libraries in Tehran filled the questionnaires. Findings: Risks of "Library Capacity to Provide Digital Resources" with Proximity Factor (0. 7315), "Ability to Attract Social Capital with Proximity Factor (0. 6835) "Changes and volatility in exchange rates" with the proximity factor (0. 6812) and "Government copyright policies" with the proximity factor (0. 6811) are the highest priority. Conclusion: 24 Identity Supplier Risks and the Risk of "Library Capacity to Supply Digital Resources" are among the Red Risks of Supply Chain Suppliers in Digital Libraries.

Purpose: This paper tries to qualitatively present the issues related to axes of development in digital libraries, including human force, content, services, and technology, and provide a clear viewpoint in this regard by considering all existing aspects.Methodology: In this paper, all existing resources were used. Through citation (library) method, the related literature was studied and, besides using their findings, they were referred as evidence.Findings: As this study showed, four major elements have considerable effect on design and development of digital libraries and if a digital library is intended to be established and developed, each of these axes should be carefully be examined. In addition, establishment and development of a digital library needs some prerequisites which have been mentioned in the present study and paying attention to them can save time, energy, and cost.Originality/Value: Initially a comprehensive plan of the axes of development in digital libraries has been proposed in this paper. Afterwards, through a comprehensive literature review, the individuals taking part in design, production, and use of digital libraries are provided with a clear view of the potentials and demands in this area. It also assists the related officials to make better decisions prior to taking any action. Finally, acquaintance with importance of each of these axes and the elements of digital library development enable their use when necessary.

This research aims to study the information security in Iranian digital libraries. The research method was survey, and the data were collected using a questionnaire based on ISO I IEC 27002 information security standard, which includes 11 indicators and 79 sub-indicators. Evaluation indicators were Security policy; Organization of information security; Asset management; Human resources security; Physical and environmental security; Communication and operations management; Access control; Information systems acquisition, development and maintenance; Information security incident management; Business continuity management; and Compliance. 45 libraries out of 58 active Iranian digital libraries answered the questionnaires.The results showed that the mean value of information security of Iranian digital libraries is 79% (from total mean of 1) and libraries are at strong level in terms of information security. Security Policy and human resources security were the most vulnerable areas of security both with the mean value of 63%. The highest security with the mean value of 1 belongs to Imam Khomeini's Portal, Niroo Research Institute Digital Library, Digital Library of Academy of Arts, Human Science Digital Library of Tehran, Digital Library of Khorasan Regional Electric Co, and Tabriz University Digital Library. In terms of information security 75/55% of the total Iranian digital libraries were at strong level, and 24/46% were at moderate level. There was significant difference between Iranian digital libraries in terms of information security, but the difference between information security in academic digital libraries and non academic ones was not significant.

Objective: Due to the inherent features of digital environment, such as the ease of dissemination of information widely and quickly, or the possibility of manipulating digital content by anonymous users, the digital environment and digital libraries pose many challenges to copyright and legislative decision-making to approve new laws and rules. Investigating the issues and challenges of copyright of digital content especially textual resources can help to develop digital libraries. The aim of this research was to identify, determine and prioritize the issues and challenges of copyright of textual digital resources from the viewpoint of managers of academic digital libraries in Tehran. Methodology: The methodology of this applied research was the analytical survey and the total number of managers of academic digital libraries in Tehran was selected as the research population (31 managers). The data were collected through library studies and a questionnaire. First, previous studies and the documentary research method were used to review the fundamental issues and challenges of copyright of textual digital resources in order to design a questionnaire based on the research model. Then, by reviewing the literature and the basis of the research model, a questionnaire with 60 items and eight sections was developed after validation using expert opinion and reliability verification using Cronbach's alpha method and distributed among 31 managers of academic digital libraries in Tehran. The collected data were analyzed through descriptive and inferential statistical methods by the SPSS and the Smart PLS softwares نارهت رهش ی هاگشناد لاتی دیجی اهی هناخباتک دمینار هاگد قح اهی شلاچ و لئاسم یل لحت 03 ی د زا لاتی نتم ی یجی د عبانم فلؤم Findings: The findings showed that from the viewpoints of managers of academic digital libraries' in Tehran, issues and challenges of copyright of textual digital resources are as follows in order of importance: defective copyright laws, exceptions and fair use, the nature of the digital space, libraries actions, protective and system and network technologies, economy, contract and licenses, and moral considerations. The model validity of the issues and challenges affecting the copyright of digital textual resources was verified using structural and measurement models. Indicators of the nature of digital environment in order of importance were: the ease of unauthorized sharing of copyrighted works simultaneously among multiple users,the ease of scientific and literary manipulation (plagiarism),the ambiguity of responsibility and the right to protect the digital content by digital libraries,the ease of copy and paste of digital texts,the distortion and dissemination of copyrighted materials,the problem of validating the authenticity of digital content,the possibility of unauthorized reproduction at the international level,the inaccurate identification of the production site and the publisher of the work,and failure to identify the provenance and publisher of digital content. Conclusion: The challenge of defective copyright laws is the most important problem facing the copyright of textual digital resources. Due to the widespread use of digital information resources, there is a strong need to solve problems and challenges related to the defective copyright laws. Therefore, it is important to investigate and resolve issues related to elements and constituents of copyright, including the limitations of copyright for digital libraries due to the legal issues, the challenges of new media and data formats, the need for contracts between publishers and content creators, etc.